| 초록 |
Background: Previous cross-sectional studies showed the close relationship between increased visceral fat and high prevalence of proteinuria. In this longitudinal cohort study with the general population, we evaluated the effects of baseline visceral fat mass (VFM) as well as 4-year changes in VFM (ΔVFM) on proteinuria development.
Method: A total of 2393 healthy individuals who participated in two health screening check-ups separated by a 4-year period were analyzed. VFM was measured using bioimpedance analysis, and subjects were divided into 3
groups by gender-specific tertiles of the baseline VFM and ΔVFM. Each patient was tested for proteinuria with a dipstick (-,±,1+,2+,or 3+), and proteinuria was defined as 1+ or greater.
Results: The mean age was 51.9±7.7 years, 23.4% were men, and the incidence of proteinuria was 3.9% (n=93). At baseline, increasing age and various obesity-related cardiometabolic parameters such as higher blood pressure (BP), increased waist circumference, and higher levels of VFM were significantly associated with future proteinuria development. Also, the incidence of proteinuria development was significantly increased with higher tertiles of ΔVFM. Even after adjustment of age, smoking, systolic and diastolic BP, serum creatinine and hs-CRP levels, each of the highest tertile of baseline VFM (men; OR 3.43, 95% CI 1.22-9.67, women; OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.05-4.15) and ΔVFM (men; OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.22-6.99, women; OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.56-6.39) were independent predictors of the proteinuria development. When both were adjusted, subjects with the highest tertile of baseline VFM and ΔVFM showed the highest risk of proteinuria development, suggesting the additive harmful effect of those two parameters.
Conclusion: Both baseline excess VFM and increased ΔVFM over the 4-years were important risk factors for developing proteinuria in the general population. Adequate education and interventions to prevent accumulation of visceral fat over time should be a major focus. |